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La expansión territorial ha generado nuevos desafíos para los sistemas eléctricos, impulsando la necesidad de electrificar zonas rurales de difícil acceso y territorios insulares. Esta demanda ha fomentado el desarrollo de microrredes eléctricas basadas en generación distribuida a partir de fuentes renovables, las cuales, debido a su baja inercia, presentan inestabilidad en frecuencia y voltaje, especialmente durante sobrecargas o transiciones entre modos de operación aislado y conectado a red. Este artículo presenta una revisión de literatura sobre estrategias para mitigar estas fluctuaciones, analizando 28 publicaciones recientes. Entre los enfoques identificados se destacan los controladores adaptativos, la compensación mediante inversores inteligentes, y la incorporación de almacenamiento energético como mecanismo de soporte dinámico, evidenciándose una preferencia por soluciones basadas en electrónica de potencia y algoritmos predictivos.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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