Artículos
Impacto de la generación distribuida en la red de distribución en Sudamérica: Análisis tecno-operativo
Resumen
El incremento sustancial de la generación distribuida (GD) en las redes de distribución (RD) de Sudamérica, en la última década, marca un cambio paradigmático que la industria y la academia deben abordar. Diversos estudios se han centrado en evaluar su integración desde una perspectiva técnico-operativa. En este contexto, este artículo presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre la integración de la GD y sus impactos en las RD, centrada en estudios que representan explícitamente la red de distribución a través de su modelado eléctrico dentro del análisis. Esta investigación se realiza en el contexto sudamericano mediante un análisis exhaustivo de artículos científicos publicados entre 2013-2024, con la metodología Prisma aplicada. La investigación demostró que la tecnología fotovoltaica constituye la principal fuente de generación analizada. Asimismo, se evidencia una marcada preferencia por el uso de OpenDSS como herramienta de análisis, y se destaca a Brasil como el país con el mayor volumen de investigación en este campo. Además de proporcionar un análisis detallado de estudios clave, parámetros relevantes, casos de RD destacados y herramientas computacionales habituales, este estudio también examina el impacto de la GD en los distintos niveles de las RD. En este sentido, se abordan áreas de investigación que han recibido poca atención hasta el momento, lo que subraya la necesidad de una mayor exploración en estos ámbitos para comprender plenamente los efectos de la GD.
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